When we want to check whether current terminal is attached to stdin, stdout and stderr streams or not, we can use the below codes. I tried with piping, and redirection so both works well.
As seen in below 6 usages, stdin is not listed in output of commands except first one. Because stdin is used by piping or redirection.
In a pipeline, template expression variables (${{ variables.var }}) get processed at compile time, before runtime starts. Macro syntax variables ($(var)) get processed during runtime before a task runs. Runtime expressions ($[variables.var]) also get processed during runtime but are intended to be used with conditionsand expressions.
$ . ./getProcess.sh
Organization: kenanhancer
Process Name: Agile
PAT: blablabla
{
"id": "adcc42ab-9882-485e-a3ed-7678f01f66bc",
"description": "This template is flexible and will work great for most teams using Agile planning methods, including those practicing Scrum.",
"isDefault": true,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "https://dev.azure.com/kenanhancer/_apis/process/processes/adcc42ab-9882-485e-a3ed-7678f01f66bc"
}
},
"type": "system",
"url": "https://dev.azure.com/kenanhancer/_apis/process/processes/adcc42ab-9882-485e-a3ed-7678f01f66bc",
"name": "Agile"
}
Sign in to your organisation (https://dev.azure.com/{yourorganization})
Treat and use a PAT like your password and keep it a secret.
Use your PAT anywhere your user credentials are required for authentication in Azure DevOps.
You can use a personal access token (PAT) as an alternate password to authenticate into Azure DevOps.
A personal access token contains your security credentials for Azure DevOps. A PAT identifies you, your accessible organizations, and scopes of access. As such, they're as critical as passwords, so you should treat them the same way.
If you're working within Microsoft tools, then your Microsoft account (MSA) or Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) is an acceptable and well-supported approach. But, if you're working with third-party tools that don't support Microsoft or Azure AD accounts – or you don't want to provide your primary credentials to the tool – use PATs to limit your risk.
find more details about creating PAT in Azure DevOps
I will not write all story here but people were using Teleprinter (Teletypewriter, Teletype, TTY) from 1830s and 1840s. As seen in the following pictures, it was an electromechanical device used for communicating text over telegraph lines etc. There wasn't any monitor, output was written in a paper. Some models were creating punched tape for data storage (either from typed input or from data received from a remote source) and read back such tape for local printing or transmission.
Nowadays, we use computers with monitor and operating system but Linux still uses TTY concept under the hood 🙂
You can find some diagrams below relation with Terminal Emulator and TTY
Teletypewriter(Teletype, Teleprinter or TTY)A restored 1930s Teletype is now a Linux TTYA Teletype Model 32 ASR used for Telex serviceVideo terminals like the DEC VT-100 (1978) made teletypes obsolete as computer I/O devicesTerminal Emulator (Pseudo type writer or PTY)Each Terminal Emulator window attached to separate TTY as shown in the above screenshot.Continue reading →
Below two code blocks are doing same job and the only difference is below second code block uses variadic tuple. Check the below links for more details.
type HttpMethod = "GET" | "POST" | "PUT" | "DELETE";
const sendRequest = (url: string, method: HttpMethod) => {
switch (method) {
case 'DELETE':
break;
case 'GET':
break;
case 'POST':
break;
case 'PUT':
break;
default:
const exhaustiveCheck: never = method; // ✅ no error
throw new Error(`Unhandled case: ${exhaustiveCheck}`);
}
};
type Fruit = 'banana' | 'orange' | 'mango';
function exhaustiveCheck(param: never): never {
throw new Error('should not reach here')
}
function makeDessert(fruit: Fruit) {
switch (fruit) {
case 'banana': return 'Banana Shake'
case 'orange': return 'Orange Juice'
}
exhaustiveCheck(fruit) // 🚫 ERROR! `mango` is not assignable
}
Exhaustiveness checking is a good feature when you use switch block. Assume that you need to check a value of variable which data type is union type as shown below screenshot.
Shape is a discriminatedunion which consists of three types named Circle, Square and Triangle.
kind field is shared in Circle, Square and Triangle types so that if developer forgets to use any of kind field value in switch block, TypeScript will error in coding-time.
